Error on opening a database connection in SSMS

Yesterday I ran into an issue with SQL Server Management Studio (2012). I was using it on my laptop with Windows 7 installed.

Whenever I wanted to connect to a database I got the following pop-up and nothing could be done with the database I connected to. Opening databases or security also gave me the same pop-up with an error in Microsoft.VisualStudio.Platform.WindowManagement:

After a thorough search I came to an MSDN message that suggested the following:

• Try installing the following Microsoft Visual Studio 2010 Shell (Isolated) Redistributable Package
• Then apply SP1 for Visual Studio.

Installing the redistributable already failed with me so I searched through my recently installed programs to see what has changed the last days.. This monday I installed Vault Client for source control, and after uninstalling this the problem had disappeared. I still don't know why this was happening though..